Let us dive straight in with a simple example. Take a look at the following code.

Error objects are thrown when runtime errors occur. The Error object can also be used as a base object for user-defined exceptions. See below for standard built-in error types.

The <ellipse> element is an SVG basic shape, used to create ellipses based on a center coordinate, and both their x and y radius.

The grouping ( ) operator controls the precedence of evaluation in expressions. It also acts as a container for arbitrary expressions in certain syntactic constructs, where ambiguity or syntax errors would otherwise occur.

There are several ways to color shapes (including specifying attributes on the object) using inline CSS, an embedded CSS section, or an external CSS file. Most SVG you'll find around the web use inline CSS, but there are advantages and disadvantages associated with each type.

The begin attribute defines when an animation should begin.

Patterns are arguably one of the more confusing fill types to use in SVG. They're also very powerful, so they're worth talking about and getting at least a fundamental grasp on. Like gradients, the <pattern> element should be put in the <defs> section of your SVG file.

In programming, inheritance refers to passing down characteristics from a parent to a child so that a new piece of code can reuse and build upon the features of an existing one. JavaScript implements inheritance by using objects. Each object has an internal link to another object called its prototype. That prototype object has a prototype of its own, and so on until an object is reached with null as its prototype. By definition, null has no prototype and acts as the final link in this prototype chain. It is possible to mutate any member of the prototype chain or even swap out the prototype at runtime, so concepts like static dispatching do not exist in JavaScript.

The <radialGradient> element lets authors define radial gradients that can be applied to fill or stroke of graphical elements.

An Iterator object is an object that conforms to the iterator protocol by providing a next() method that returns an iterator result object. All built-in iterators inherit from the Iterator class. The Iterator class provides a @@iterator method that returns the iterator object itself, making the iterator also iterable. It also provides some helper methods for working with iterators.