In programming, inheritance refers to passing down characteristics from a parent to a child so that a new piece of code can reuse and build upon the features of an existing one. JavaScript implements inheritance by using objects. Each object has an internal link to another object called its prototype. That prototype object has a prototype of its own, and so on until an object is reached with null as its prototype. By definition, null has no prototype and acts as the final link in this prototype chain. It is possible to mutate any member of the prototype chain or even swap out the prototype at runtime, so concepts like static dispatching do not exist in JavaScript.

JavaScript provides three different value-comparison operations:

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Patterns are arguably one of the more confusing fill types to use in SVG. They're also very powerful, so they're worth talking about and getting at least a fundamental grasp on. Like gradients, the <pattern> element should be put in the <defs> section of your SVG file.

When talking about text in SVG, we have to differentiate between two almost completely separate topics. One is the inclusion and display of text in an image, and the other is SVG fonts. The latter is described in a later section of the tutorial, while this page will focus on the first part: bringing text into an SVG image.

Apart from graphic primitives like rectangles and circles, SVG offers a set of elements to embed other types of content in images as well.

The <feFuncR> SVG filter primitive defines the transfer function for the red component of the input graphic of its parent <feComponentTransfer> element.