FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.10 [stable] kubeadm init and kubeadm join together provide a nice user experience for creating a bare Kubernetes cluster from scratch, that aligns with the best-practices. However, it might not be obvious how kubeadm does that. This document provides additional details on what happens under the hood, with the aim of sharing knowledge on the best practices for a Kubernetes cluster. Core design principles The cluster that kubeadm init and kubeadm join set up should be:

FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production

FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production

FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.31 [stable] (enabled by default: true) This page shows you how to load AppArmor profiles on your nodes and enforce those profiles in Pods. To learn more about how Kubernetes can confine Pods using AppArmor, see Linux kernel security constraints for Pods and containers. Objectives See an example of how to load a profile on a Node Learn how to enforce the profile on a Pod Learn how to check that the profile is loaded See what happens when a profile is violated See what happens when a profile cannot be loaded Before you begin AppArmor is an optional kernel module and Kubernetes feature, so verify it is supported on your Nodes before proceeding:

Node authorization is a special-purpose authorization mode that specifically authorizes API requests made by kubelets. Overview The Node authorizer allows a kubelet to perform API operations. This includes: Read operations: services endpoints nodes pods secrets, configmaps, persistent volume claims and persistent volumes related to pods bound to the kubelet's node FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.31 [alpha] (enabled by default: false) When the AuthorizeNodeWithSelectors feature is enabled (along with the pre-requisite AuthorizeWithSelectors feature), kubelets are only allowed to read their own Node objects, and are only allowed to read pods bound to their node.

As the Kubernetes API evolves, APIs are periodically reorganized or upgraded. When APIs evolve, the old API is deprecated and eventually removed. This page contains information you need to know when migrating from deprecated API versions to newer and more stable API versions. Removed APIs by release v1.32 The v1.32 release will stop serving the following deprecated API versions: Flow control resources The flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3 API version of FlowSchema and PriorityLevelConfiguration will no longer be served in v1.

FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production

Kubeadm is a tool built to provide kubeadm init and kubeadm join as best-practice "fast paths" for creating Kubernetes clusters. kubeadm performs the actions necessary to get a minimum viable cluster up and running. By design, it cares only about bootstrapping, not about provisioning machines. Likewise, installing various nice-to-have addons, like the Kubernetes Dashboard, monitoring solutions, and cloud-specific addons, is not in scope. Instead, we expect higher-level and more tailored tooling to be built on top of kubeadm, and ideally, using kubeadm as the basis of all deployments will make it easier to create conformant clusters.

When running Kubernetes in an environment with strict network boundaries, such as on-premises datacenter with physical network firewalls or Virtual Networks in Public Cloud, it is useful to be aware of the ports and protocols used by Kubernetes components. Control plane Protocol Direction Port Range Purpose Used By TCP Inbound 6443 Kubernetes API server All TCP Inbound 2379-2380 etcd server client API kube-apiserver, etcd TCP Inbound 10250 Kubelet API Self, Control plane TCP Inbound 10259 kube-scheduler Self TCP Inbound 10257 kube-controller-manager Self Although etcd ports are included in control plane section, you can also host your own etcd cluster externally or on custom ports.

Synopsis Manage the rollout of one or many resources. Valid resource types include: deployments daemonsets statefulsets kubectl rollout SUBCOMMAND Examples # Rollback to the previous deployment kubectl rollout undo deployment/abc # Check the rollout status of a daemonset kubectl rollout status daemonset/foo # Restart a deployment kubectl rollout restart deployment/abc # Restart deployments with the 'app=nginx' label kubectl rollout restart deployment --selector=app=nginx Options -h, --help help for rollout --as string Username to impersonate for the operation.