The Proxy and Reflect objects allow you to intercept and define custom behavior for fundamental language operations (e.g., property lookup, assignment, enumeration, function invocation, etc.). With the help of these two objects you are able to program at the meta level of JavaScript.

This chapter discusses JavaScript's basic grammar, variable declarations, data types and literals.

Error objects are thrown when runtime errors occur. The Error object can also be used as a base object for user-defined exceptions. See below for standard built-in error types.

SVG is an XML language, similar to XHTML, which can be used to draw vector graphics, such as the one shown below. It can be used to create an image either by specifying all the lines and shapes necessary, by modifying already existing raster images, or by a combination of both. The image and its components can also be transformed, composited together, or filtered to change their appearance completely.

A TypedArray object describes an array-like view of an underlying binary data buffer. There is no global property named TypedArray, nor is there a directly visible TypedArray constructor. Instead, there are a number of different global properties, whose values are typed array constructors for specific element types, listed below. On the following pages you will find common properties and methods that can be used with any typed array containing elements of any type.

The grouping ( ) operator controls the precedence of evaluation in expressions. It also acts as a container for arbitrary expressions in certain syntactic constructs, where ambiguity or syntax errors would otherwise occur.

The <a> SVG element creates a hyperlink to other web pages, files, locations in the same page, email addresses, or any other URL. It is very similar to HTML's <a> element.

The <circle> SVG element is an SVG basic shape, used to draw circles based on a center point and a radius.

SVG can be used as an image format in HTML, CSS, certain SVG elements, and via the Canvas API. This page lists the features where you can provide SVG as an image source.

The NaN global property is a value representing Not-A-Number.