This page shows how to manually rotate the certificate authority (CA) certificates. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:

A Deployment manages a set of Pods to run an application workload, usually one that doesn't maintain state.

Each object in your cluster has a Name that is unique for that type of resource. Every Kubernetes object also has a UID that is unique across your whole cluster. For example, you can only have one Pod named myapp-1234 within the same namespace, but you can have one Pod and one Deployment that are each named myapp-1234. For non-unique user-provided attributes, Kubernetes provides labels and annotations. Names A client-provided string that refers to an object in a resource URL, such as /api/v1/pods/some-name.

Technology for packaging an application along with its runtime dependencies.

A container image represents binary data that encapsulates an application and all its software dependencies. Container images are executable software bundles that can run standalone and that make very well defined assumptions about their runtime environment. You typically create a container image of your application and push it to a registry before referring to it in a Pod. This page provides an outline of the container image concept. Note: If you are looking for the container images for a Kubernetes release (such as v1.

You've deployed your application and exposed it via a Service. Now what? Kubernetes provides a number of tools to help you manage your application deployment, including scaling and updating. Organizing resource configurations Many applications require multiple resources to be created, such as a Deployment along with a Service. Management of multiple resources can be simplified by grouping them together in the same file (separated by --- in YAML). For example:

FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.30 [beta] This page explains how user namespaces are used in Kubernetes pods. A user namespace isolates the user running inside the container from the one in the host. A process running as root in a container can run as a different (non-root) user in the host; in other words, the process has full privileges for operations inside the user namespace, but is unprivileged for operations outside the namespace.

A DaemonSet defines Pods that provide node-local facilities. These might be fundamental to the operation of your cluster, such as a networking helper tool, or be part of an add-on.

Kubernetes requires PKI certificates for authentication over TLS. If you install Kubernetes with kubeadm, the certificates that your cluster requires are automatically generated. You can also generate your own certificates -- for example, to keep your private keys more secure by not storing them on the API server. This page explains the certificates that your cluster requires. How certificates are used by your cluster Kubernetes requires PKI for the following operations:

Gateway API is a family of API kinds that provide dynamic infrastructure provisioning and advanced traffic routing.