Production-Grade Container Orchestration

This page describes running Kubernetes across multiple zones. Background Kubernetes is designed so that a single Kubernetes cluster can run across multiple failure zones, typically where these zones fit within a logical grouping called a region. Major cloud providers define a region as a set of failure zones (also called availability zones) that provide a consistent set of features: within a region, each zone offers the same APIs and services.

This document catalogs the communication paths between the API server and the Kubernetes cluster. The intent is to allow users to customize their installation to harden the network configuration such that the cluster can be run on an untrusted network (or on fully public IPs on a cloud provider). Node to Control Plane Kubernetes has a "hub-and-spoke" API pattern. All API usage from nodes (or the pods they run) terminates at the API server.

You can visualize and manage Kubernetes objects with more tools than kubectl and the dashboard. A common set of labels allows tools to work interoperably, describing objects in a common manner that all tools can understand. In addition to supporting tooling, the recommended labels describe applications in a way that can be queried. The metadata is organized around the concept of an application. Kubernetes is not a platform as a service (PaaS) and doesn't have or enforce a formal notion of an application.

In Kubernetes, some objects are owners of other objects. For example, a ReplicaSet is the owner of a set of Pods. These owned objects are dependents of their owner. Ownership is different from the labels and selectors mechanism that some resources also use. For example, consider a Service that creates EndpointSlice objects. The Service uses labels to allow the control plane to determine which EndpointSlice objects are used for that Service.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

This document helps you get started using the Kubernetes NetworkPolicy API to declare network policies that govern how pods communicate with each other. Note: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster.

Define a default memory resource limit for a namespace, so that every new Pod in that namespace has a memory resource limit configured.

Define a range of valid memory resource limits for a namespace, so that every new Pod in that namespace falls within the range you configure.

When using client certificate authentication, you can generate certificates manually through easyrsa, openssl or cfssl. easyrsa easyrsa can manually generate certificates for your cluster. Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3. curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3 ./easyrsa init-pki Generate a new certificate authority (CA). --batch sets automatic mode; --req-cn specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate. ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass Generate server certificate and key.