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Kubernetes runs your workload by placing containers into Pods to run on Nodes. A node may be a virtual or physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each node is managed by the control plane and contains the services necessary to run Pods. Typically you have several nodes in a cluster; in a learning or resource-limited environment, you might have only one node. The components on a node include the kubelet, a container runtime, and the kube-proxy.

When several users or teams share a cluster with a fixed number of nodes, there is a concern that one team could use more than its fair share of resources. Resource quotas are a tool for administrators to address this concern. A resource quota, defined by a ResourceQuota object, provides constraints that limit aggregate resource consumption per namespace. A ResourceQuota can also limit the quantity of objects that can be created in a namespace by API kind, as well as the total amount of infrastructure resources that may be consumed by API objects found in that namespace.

A Secret is an object that contains a small amount of sensitive data such as a password, a token, or a key. Such information might otherwise be put in a Pod specification or in a container image. Using a Secret means that you don't need to include confidential data in your application code. Because Secrets can be created independently of the Pods that use them, there is less risk of the Secret (and its data) being exposed during the workflow of creating, viewing, and editing Pods.

Kubernetes volumes provide a way for containers in a pod to access and share data via the filesystem. There are different kinds of volume that you can use for different purposes, such as: populating a configuration file based on a ConfigMap or a Secret providing some temporary scratch space for a pod sharing a filesystem between two different containers in the same pod sharing a filesystem between two different pods (even if those Pods run on different nodes) durably storing data so that it stays available even if the Pod restarts or is replaced passing configuration information to an app running in a container, based on details of the Pod the container is in (for example: telling a sidecar container what namespace the Pod is running in) providing read-only access to data in a different container image Data sharing can be between different local processes within a container, or between different containers, or between Pods.

Node affinity is a property of Pods that attracts them to a set of nodes (either as a preference or a hard requirement). Taints are the opposite -- they allow a node to repel a set of pods. Tolerations are applied to pods. Tolerations allow the scheduler to schedule pods with matching taints. Tolerations allow scheduling but don't guarantee scheduling: the scheduler also evaluates other parameters as part of its function.

This document describes projected volumes in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes is suggested. Introduction A projected volume maps several existing volume sources into the same directory. Currently, the following types of volume sources can be projected: secret downwardAPI configMap serviceAccountToken clusterTrustBundle podCertificate All sources are required to be in the same namespace as the Pod. For more details, see the all-in-one volume design document. Example configuration with a secret, a downwardAPI, and a configMap pods/storage/projected-secret-downwardapi-configmap.

A ReplicaSet's purpose is to maintain a stable set of replica Pods running at any given time. Usually, you define a Deployment and let that Deployment manage ReplicaSets automatically.

Baseline checklist for ensuring security in Kubernetes clusters.

Kubernetes lets you configure single-stack IPv4 networking, single-stack IPv6 networking, or dual stack networking with both network families active. This page explains how.