Understand Pods, the smallest deployable compute object in Kubernetes, and the higher-level abstractions that help you to run them.

You can use Kubernetes annotations to attach arbitrary non-identifying metadata to objects. Clients such as tools and libraries can retrieve this metadata. Attaching metadata to objects You can use either labels or annotations to attach metadata to Kubernetes objects. Labels can be used to select objects and to find collections of objects that satisfy certain conditions. In contrast, annotations are not used to identify and select objects. The metadata in an annotation can be small or large, structured or unstructured, and can include characters not permitted by labels.

This page guides you through configuring Node overprovisioning in your Kubernetes cluster. Node overprovisioning is a strategy that proactively reserves a portion of your cluster's compute resources. This reservation helps reduce the time required to schedule new pods during scaling events, enhancing your cluster's responsiveness to sudden spikes in traffic or workload demands. By maintaining some unused capacity, you ensure that resources are immediately available when new pods are created, preventing them from entering a pending state while the cluster scales up.

This page explains how to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster created with kubeadm from version 1.32.x to version 1.33.x, and from version 1.33.x to 1.33.y (where y > x). Skipping MINOR versions when upgrading is unsupported. For more details, please visit Version Skew Policy. To see information about upgrading clusters created using older versions of kubeadm, please refer to following pages instead: Upgrading a kubeadm cluster from 1.31 to 1.32 Upgrading a kubeadm cluster from 1.

Before you begin You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster. For example, a v1.33 client can communicate with v1.32, v1.33, and v1.34 control planes. Using the latest compatible version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues. Install kubectl on macOS The following methods exist for installing kubectl on macOS: Install kubectl on macOS Install kubectl binary with curl on macOS Install with Homebrew on macOS Install with Macports on macOS Verify kubectl configuration Optional kubectl configurations and plugins Enable shell autocompletion Install kubectl convert plugin Install kubectl binary with curl on macOS Download the latest release:

This document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested. A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent. The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.

Dynamic volume provisioning allows storage volumes to be created on-demand. Without dynamic provisioning, cluster administrators have to manually make calls to their cloud or storage provider to create new storage volumes, and then create PersistentVolume objects to represent them in Kubernetes. The dynamic provisioning feature eliminates the need for cluster administrators to pre-provision storage. Instead, it automatically provisions storage when users create PersistentVolumeClaim objects. Background The implementation of dynamic volume provisioning is based on the API object StorageClass from the API group storage.

This task outlines the steps needed to update your container runtime to containerd from Docker. It is applicable for cluster operators running Kubernetes 1.23 or earlier. This also covers an example scenario for migrating from dockershim to containerd. Alternative container runtimes can be picked from this page. Before you begin Note: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically.

This document highlights and consolidates configuration best practices that are introduced throughout the user guide, Getting Started documentation, and examples. This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list but might be useful to others, please don't hesitate to file an issue or submit a PR. General Configuration Tips When defining configurations, specify the latest stable API version. Configuration files should be stored in version control before being pushed to the cluster.

Kubernetes supports running nodes on either Linux or Windows. You can mix both kinds of node within a single cluster. This page provides an overview to networking specific to the Windows operating system. Container networking on Windows Networking for Windows containers is exposed through CNI plugins. Windows containers function similarly to virtual machines in regards to networking. Each container has a virtual network adapter (vNIC) which is connected to a Hyper-V virtual switch (vSwitch).