For applications that require data compression, the functions in this module allow compression and decompression, using the zlib library. The zlib library has its own home page at https://www.zlib....

The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the interpreter. The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, classes, instances and exceptions. Some colle...

Source code: Lib/codecs.py This module defines base classes for standard Python codecs (encoders and decoders) and provides access to the internal Python codec registry, which manages the codec and...

Source code: Lib/email/headerregistry.py Headers are represented by customized subclasses of str. The particular class used to represent a given header is determined by the header_factory of the po...

Source code: Lib/graphlib.py Exceptions: The graphlib module defines the following exception classes:

Source code: Lib/mailbox.py This module defines two classes, Mailbox and Message, for accessing and manipulating on-disk mailboxes and the messages they contain. Mailbox offers a dictionary-like ma...

Source code: Lib/urllib/request.py The urllib.request module defines functions and classes which help in opening URLs (mostly HTTP) in a complex world — basic and digest authentication, redirection...

Source code: Lib/pdb.py The module pdb defines an interactive source code debugger for Python programs. It supports setting (conditional) breakpoints and single stepping at the source line level, i...

This module provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard. These functions cannot be used with complex numbers; use the functions of the same name from the cmath module if...

Initializing C modules: Modules objects are usually created from extension modules (shared libraries which export an initialization function), or compiled-in modules (where the initialization funct...