Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration engine for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. The open source project is hosted by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.

This page describes the resources available to Containers in the Container environment. Container environment The Kubernetes Container environment provides several important resources to Containers: A filesystem, which is a combination of an image and one or more volumes. Information about the Container itself. Information about other objects in the cluster. Container information The hostname of a Container is the name of the Pod in which the Container is running. It is available through the hostname command or the gethostname function call in libc.

The architectural concepts behind Kubernetes.

Note: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information. Kubernetes' support for direct integration with Docker Engine is deprecated and has been removed. Most apps do not have a direct dependency on runtime hosting containers. However, there are still a lot of telemetry and monitoring agents that have a dependency on Docker to collect containers metadata, logs, and metrics.

This page shows how to change the access mode on an existing PersistentVolume to use ReadWriteOncePod. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:

etcd is a consistent and highly-available key value store used as Kubernetes' backing store for all cluster data. If your Kubernetes cluster uses etcd as its backing store, make sure you have a back up plan for the data. You can find in-depth information about etcd in the official documentation. Before you begin Before you follow steps in this page to deploy, manage, back up or restore etcd, you need to understand the typical expectations for operating an etcd cluster.

This task demonstrates running multiple Jobs based on a common template. You can use this approach to process batches of work in parallel. For this example there are only three items: apple, banana, and cherry. The sample Jobs process each item by printing a string then pausing. See using Jobs in real workloads to learn about how this pattern fits more realistic use cases. Before you begin You should be familiar with the basic, non-parallel, use of Job.

Set up monitoring and logging to troubleshoot a cluster, or debug a containerized application.

Kubernetes auditing provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities generated by users, by applications that use the Kubernetes API, and by the control plane itself. Auditing allows cluster administrators to answer the following questions: what happened? when did it happen? who initiated it? on what did it happen? where was it observed? from where was it initiated?

Monitoring kubernetes system components.