Production-Grade Container Orchestration

Using kubeadm, you can create a minimum viable Kubernetes cluster that conforms to best practices. In fact, you can use kubeadm to set up a cluster that will pass the Kubernetes Conformance tests. kubeadm also supports other cluster lifecycle functions, such as bootstrap tokens and cluster upgrades. The kubeadm tool is good if you need: A simple way for you to try out Kubernetes, possibly for the first time. A way for existing users to automate setting up a cluster and test their application.

This page shows how to install the kubeadm toolbox. For information on how to create a cluster with kubeadm once you have performed this installation process, see the Creating a cluster with kubeadm page. This installation guide is for Kubernetes v1.34. If you want to use a different Kubernetes version, please refer to the following pages instead: Installing kubeadm (Kubernetes v1.33) Installing kubeadm (Kubernetes v1.32) Installing kubeadm (Kubernetes v1.31) Installing kubeadm (Kubernetes v1.

In Kubernetes, namespaces provide a mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single cluster. Names of resources need to be unique within a namespace, but not across namespaces. Namespace-based scoping is applicable only for namespaced objects (e.g. Deployments, Services, etc.) and not for cluster-wide objects (e.g. StorageClass, Nodes, PersistentVolumes, etc.). When to Use Multiple Namespaces Namespaces are intended for use in environments with many users spread across multiple teams, or projects.

API-initiated eviction is the process by which you use the Eviction API to create an Eviction object that triggers graceful pod termination. You can request eviction by calling the Eviction API directly, or programmatically using a client of the API server, like the kubectl drain command. This creates an Eviction object, which causes the API server to terminate the Pod. API-initiated evictions respect your configured PodDisruptionBudgets and terminationGracePeriodSeconds. Using the API to create an Eviction object for a Pod is like performing a policy-controlled DELETE operation on the Pod.

Different ways to change the behavior of your Kubernetes cluster.

Kubernetes has various types of probes: Liveness probe Readiness probe Startup probe Liveness probe Liveness probes determine when to restart a container. For example, liveness probes could catch a deadlock when an application is running but unable to make progress. If a container fails its liveness probe repeatedly, the kubelet restarts the container. Liveness probes do not wait for readiness probes to succeed. If you want to wait before executing a liveness probe, you can either define initialDelaySeconds or use a startup probe.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

This page explains proxies used with Kubernetes. Proxies There are several different proxies you may encounter when using Kubernetes: The kubectl proxy: runs on a user's desktop or in a pod proxies from a localhost address to the Kubernetes apiserver client to proxy uses HTTP proxy to apiserver uses HTTPS locates apiserver adds authentication headers The apiserver proxy: is a bastion built into the apiserver connects a user outside of the cluster to cluster IPs which otherwise might not be reachable runs in the apiserver processes client to proxy uses HTTPS (or http if apiserver so configured) proxy to target may use HTTP or HTTPS as chosen by proxy using available information can be used to reach a Node, Pod, or Service does load balancing when used to reach a Service The kube proxy:

This task shows how to create a frontend and a backend microservice. The backend microservice is a hello greeter. The frontend exposes the backend using nginx and a Kubernetes Service object. Objectives Create and run a sample hello backend microservice using a Deployment object. Use a Service object to send traffic to the backend microservice's multiple replicas. Create and run a nginx frontend microservice, also using a Deployment object. Configure the frontend microservice to send traffic to the backend microservice.