This page shows how to configure quotas for API objects, including PersistentVolumeClaims and Services. A quota restricts the number of objects, of a particular type, that can be created in a namespace. You specify quotas in a ResourceQuota object. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts.

Your workload can discover Services within your cluster using DNS; this page explains how that works.

The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components. You need a working container runtime on each Node in your cluster, so that the kubelet can launch Pods and their containers. The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) is the main protocol for the communication between the kubelet and Container Runtime. The Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) defines the main gRPC protocol for the communication between the node components kubelet and container runtime.

To avoid CNI plugin-related errors, verify that you are using or upgrading to a container runtime that has been tested to work correctly with your version of Kubernetes. About the "Incompatible CNI versions" and "Failed to destroy network for sandbox" errors Service issues exist for pod CNI network setup and tear down in containerd v1.6.0-v1.6.3 when the CNI plugins have not been upgraded and/or the CNI config version is not declared in the CNI config files.

API-initiated eviction is the process by which you use the Eviction API to create an Eviction object that triggers graceful pod termination. You can request eviction by calling the Eviction API directly, or programmatically using a client of the API server, like the kubectl drain command. This creates an Eviction object, which causes the API server to terminate the Pod. API-initiated evictions respect your configured PodDisruptionBudgets and terminationGracePeriodSeconds. Using the API to create an Eviction object for a Pod is like performing a policy-controlled DELETE operation on the Pod.

FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.33 [beta](disabled by default) Kubernetes 1.34 includes a beta feature that allows control plane components to deterministically select a leader via coordinated leader election. This is useful to satisfy Kubernetes version skew constraints during cluster upgrades. Currently, the only builtin selection strategy is OldestEmulationVersion, preferring the leader with the lowest emulation version, followed by binary version, followed by creation timestamp. Enabling coordinated leader election Ensure that CoordinatedLeaderElection feature gate is enabled when you start the API Server: and that the coordination.

Different ways to change the behavior of your Kubernetes cluster.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

Since release v1.32, we introduced configurable version compatibility and emulation options to Kubernetes control plane components to make upgrades safer by providing more control and increasing the granularity of steps available to cluster administrators. Emulated Version The emulation option is set by the --emulated-version flag of control plane components. It allows the component to emulate the behavior (APIs, features, ...) of an earlier version of Kubernetes. When used, the capabilities available will match the emulated version:

This page explains how to configure your DNS Pod(s) and customize the DNS resolution process in your cluster. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds: