Define a default memory resource limit for a namespace, so that every new Pod in that namespace has a memory resource limit configured.

This page explains how to upgrade a Linux Worker Nodes created with kubeadm. Before you begin You need to have shell access to all the nodes, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. To check the version, enter kubectl version.

When using client certificate authentication, you can generate certificates manually through easyrsa, openssl or cfssl. easyrsa easyrsa can manually generate certificates for your cluster. Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3. curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3 ./easyrsa init-pki Generate a new certificate authority (CA). --batch sets automatic mode; --req-cn specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate. ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass Generate server certificate and key.

In a Kubernetes cluster, a node can be shut down in a planned graceful way or unexpectedly because of reasons such as a power outage or something else external. A node shutdown could lead to workload failure if the node is not drained before the shutdown. A node shutdown can be either graceful or non-graceful. Graceful node shutdown The kubelet attempts to detect node system shutdown and terminates pods running on the node.

FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.33 [beta](enabled by default) This page shows how to configure a user namespace for pods. This allows you to isolate the user running inside the container from the one in the host. A process running as root in a container can run as a different (non-root) user in the host; in other words, the process has full privileges for operations inside the user namespace, but is unprivileged for operations outside the namespace.

This page shows how to investigate problems related to the execution of Init Containers. The example command lines below refer to the Pod as <pod-name> and the Init Containers as <init-container-1> and <init-container-2>. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts.

This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node. Before you begin Your Pod should already be scheduled and running. If your Pod is not yet running, start with Debugging Pods. For some of the advanced debugging steps you need to know on which Node the Pod is running and have shell access to run commands on that Node. You don't need that access to run the standard debug steps that use kubectl.

An issue that comes up rather frequently for new installations of Kubernetes is that a Service is not working properly. You've run your Pods through a Deployment (or other workload controller) and created a Service, but you get no response when you try to access it. This document will hopefully help you to figure out what's going wrong. Running commands in a Pod For many steps here you will want to see what a Pod running in the cluster sees.

This page shows how to configure access to multiple clusters by using configuration files. After your clusters, users, and contexts are defined in one or more configuration files, you can quickly switch between clusters by using the kubectl config use-context command. Note:A file that is used to configure access to a cluster is sometimes called a kubeconfig file. This is a generic way of referring to configuration files. It does not mean that there is a file named kubeconfig.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration