The kubectl command-line tool supports several different ways to create and manage Kubernetes objects. This document provides an overview of the different approaches. Read the Kubectl book for details of managing objects by Kubectl. Management techniques Warning:A Kubernetes object should be managed using only one technique. Mixing and matching techniques for the same object results in undefined behavior. Management technique Operates on Recommended environment Supported writers Learning curve Imperative commands Live objects Development projects 1+ Lowest Imperative object configuration Individual files Production projects 1 Moderate Declarative object configuration Directories of files Production projects 1+ Highest Imperative commands When using imperative commands, a user operates directly on live objects in a cluster.

This page covers how to customize the components that kubeadm deploys. For control plane components you can use flags in the ClusterConfiguration structure or patches per-node. For the kubelet and kube-proxy you can use KubeletConfiguration and KubeProxyConfiguration, accordingly. All of these options are possible via the kubeadm configuration API. For more details on each field in the configuration you can navigate to our API reference pages. Note:Customizing the CoreDNS deployment of kubeadm is currently not supported.

Networking is a central part of Kubernetes, but it can be challenging to understand exactly how it is expected to work. There are 4 distinct networking problems to address: Highly-coupled container-to-container communications: this is solved by Pods and localhost communications. Pod-to-Pod communications: this is the primary focus of this document. Pod-to-Service communications: this is covered by Services. External-to-Service communications: this is also covered by Services. Kubernetes is all about sharing machines among applications.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

This guide is for application owners who want to build highly available applications, and thus need to understand what types of disruptions can happen to Pods. It is also for cluster administrators who want to perform automated cluster actions, like upgrading and autoscaling clusters. Voluntary and involuntary disruptions Pods do not disappear until someone (a person or a controller) destroys them, or there is an unavoidable hardware or system software error.

Kubernetes is designed with self-healing capabilities that help maintain the health and availability of workloads. It automatically replaces failed containers, reschedules workloads when nodes become unavailable, and ensures that the desired state of the system is maintained. Self-Healing capabilities Container-level restarts: If a container inside a Pod fails, Kubernetes restarts it based on the restartPolicy. Replica replacement: If a Pod in a Deployment or StatefulSet fails, Kubernetes creates a replacement Pod to maintain the specified number of replicas.

As with any program, you might run into an error installing or running kubeadm. This page lists some common failure scenarios and have provided steps that can help you understand and fix the problem. If your problem is not listed below, please follow the following steps: If you think your problem is a bug with kubeadm: Go to github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm and search for existing issues. If no issue exists, please open one and follow the issue template.

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

Production-Grade Container Orchestration

FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.11 [beta] The cloud-controller-manager is a Kubernetes control plane component that embeds cloud-specific control logic. The cloud controller manager lets you link your cluster into your cloud provider's API, and separates out the components that interact with that cloud platform from components that only interact with your cluster. By decoupling the interoperability logic between Kubernetes and the underlying cloud infrastructure, the cloud-controller-manager component enables cloud providers to release features at a different pace compared to the main Kubernetes project.