This page describes the resources available to Containers in the Container environment. Container environment The Kubernetes Container environment provides several important resources to Containers: A filesystem, which is a combination of an image and one or more volumes. Information about the Container itself. Information about other objects in the cluster. Container information The hostname of a Container is the name of the Pod in which the Container is running. It is available through the hostname command or the gethostname function call in libc.

The architectural concepts behind Kubernetes.

When you specify a Pod, you can optionally specify how much of each resource a container needs. The most common resources to specify are CPU and memory (RAM); there are others. When you specify the resource request for containers in a Pod, the kube-scheduler uses this information to decide which node to place the Pod on. When you specify a resource limit for a container, the kubelet enforces those limits so that the running container is not allowed to use more of that resource than the limit you set.

This document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested. A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent. The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.

If you want to control traffic flow at the IP address or port level (OSI layer 3 or 4), NetworkPolicies allow you to specify rules for traffic flow within your cluster, and also between Pods and the outside world. Your cluster must use a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy enforcement.

This document highlights and consolidates configuration best practices that are introduced throughout the user guide, Getting Started documentation, and examples. This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list but might be useful to others, please don't hesitate to file an issue or submit a PR. General Configuration Tips When defining configurations, specify the latest stable API version. Configuration files should be stored in version control before being pushed to the cluster.

By default, containers run with unbounded compute resources on a Kubernetes cluster. Using Kubernetes resource quotas, administrators (also termed cluster operators) can restrict consumption and creation of cluster resources (such as CPU time, memory, and persistent storage) within a specified namespace. Within a namespace, a Pod can consume as much CPU and memory as is allowed by the ResourceQuotas that apply to that namespace. As a cluster operator, or as a namespace-level administrator, you might also be concerned about making sure that a single object cannot monopolize all available resources within a namespace.

This page shows how to configure a Key Management Service (KMS) provider and plugin to enable secret data encryption. In Kubernetes 1.30 there are two versions of KMS at-rest encryption. You should use KMS v2 if feasible because KMS v1 is deprecated (since Kubernetes v1.28) and disabled by default (since Kubernetes v1.29). KMS v2 offers significantly better performance characteristics than KMS v1. Caution:This documentation is for the generally available implementation of KMS v2 (and for the deprecated version 1 implementation).

This page shows you how to specify the type of cascading deletion to use in your cluster during garbage collection. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:

This page provides an overview of the steps you should follow to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster. The way that you upgrade a cluster depends on how you initially deployed it and on any subsequent changes. At a high level, the steps you perform are: Upgrade the control plane Upgrade the nodes in your cluster Upgrade clients such as kubectl Adjust manifests and other resources based on the API changes that accompany the new Kubernetes version Before you begin You must have an existing cluster.